Russia plans to be implemented like the dark horse to build a base on Mars satellite (Figure).

<P> <CENTER> </ CENTER> <P> </ P> <P align=center> Phobos (left) and Deimos surface very different </ P> <P> Beijing time on May 27 ., according to the United States "explore" magazine reported that Russia's "Fobos-Grunt" mission may be the strange satellite of Mars - Phobos "Fu Bosi," built the first human to pave the way for a permanent space base. .</ P> <P> for the Russian space people, bring them on Mars, only bad luck. .Since 1960, Russia launched a total of 20 satellites to the Mars probe, all of which ultimately ended in failure detectors either, or suffered serious technical problems. .Using "Fobos-Grunt" the detector, the history of Russia will implement the most ambitious unmanned space missions, and good luck trying to come to his head. .</ P> <P> ideal Mars outpost </ P> <P> Russia into the selected target is not Mars, but Phobos "Fu Bosi." ."Fu Bosi," two small satellites of Mars larger one, is running around on Mars one of the most bizarre objects. .It is reported that, "Fobos-Grunt" (in Russian means "Fu Bosi soil") not only in the "Fu Bosi" on the landing, but also collected some samples in the surface and sent back to Earth. .</ P> <P> understanding "Fu Bosi," will allow us to get a lot of information about the early history of the solar system. ."Fobos-Grunt" mission chief scientist, Institute for Space Studies in Moscow Alexander Zach Haluo Fu (Alexander Zakharov), said: "It may provide us with the Earth satellite, and other clues to the formation of planetary satellites, while understanding the asteroid impact .of rocky terrestrial planets play a role. "More importantly, this space mission to Mars for the development of innovative exploration and even" colonization "scheme to lay a good foundation. .</ P> <P> "Fu Bosi," and our moon completely different. .It is a piece of rock shaped like a potato, the size is only 12 miles (19 kilometers) × 17 miles (27 km), the color is almost as black as coal. ."Fu Bosi" and "ruler" is a diameter of 6 miles (10 kilometers) called the "Stickney," the crater, almost to the impact of small satellite Fengyun pieces. .</ P> <P> "Fu Bosi," around 3721 miles above the surface of Mars (about 5,988 km) of the orbit - the Moon and the average distance between the Earth and 23.9 million miles (about 384,000 km.) .The time required to run a week as only 7 hours and 39 minutes, resulting in "Fu Bosi," less than a month on the third day of a Martian. .In fact, too close to Mars orbit, tidal forces are slowly leading to "Fu Bosi" orbit decay. .In the next few thousand years time, "Fu Bosi," will hit Mars. ."Fu Bosi," the life of 45 billion years, and now it has "star to old age." .</ P> <P> a mystery, like the satellite </ P> <P> though so one day in the future, "Fu Bosi" to destroy, but also it has this close is difficult to match the attractiveness of .became an ideal of human explorers depot. ."Fu Bosi" side is always toward Mars, for this "hemisphere", the Martian sky to become the "ruler." .This advantage allows "Fu Bosi," the vast majority of monitoring the surface of Mars is ideal. .</ P> <P> more importantly, in the "Fu Bosi" outposts built on any one can well against radiation from space - Mars, and "Fu Bosi," can serve as the role of protector of .. .The "Fu Bosi," as a base, the human can use remote controlled robots on the surface of Mars exploration, NASA's Mars rovers do not like is that the operator had to endure agonizing 10 to 20 minutes delay. .In addition, the "Fu Bosi" is also used for a manned trip to Mars, a natural staging area. .</ P> <P> in the development to create "Fu Bosi" outpost program, we need a better understanding of the satellite. .Currently, scientists are not sure, "Fu Bosi," what constitutes what. .It seems that what is called the "carbonaceous chondrite" asteroid similar. .These objects contain the original amino acids required for life to form, may be caused by the formation of the solar system formed almost no material change in the debris. .According to scientists speculate that a large number of carbonaceous chondrites as the early Earth may be "seeded" the biological raw materials. ."Fu Bosi" different ingredients to some scientists come to such a hypothesis, "Fu Bosi," and the other a small satellite of Mars - Deimos "Demos" may be a captured .asteroids. .But this is only a hypothesis, draw a definite conclusion on long-term research needed. .</ P> <P> NASA Mars exploration chief scientist David bidi Council (David Beatty), said: "'Fu Bosi' is an interesting object. 'Fu Bosi' Why do appear here as well and from .Where from is a mystery. "Russian Federal Space Agency hopes to use" Fobos-Grunt "collection" Fu Bosi, "the way the surface of the sample to find answers to these questions. .In the detailed analysis carried out on earth will determine the composition and age of these samples. .("Fobos-Grunt" equipment will also be carried in the "Fu Bosi," the same analysis.) Start with the analysis, we will get on "Fu Bosi," a new historical information, and learn more about the solar system in the .formed at the beginning of the state. .</ P> <P> Delta-v is less than required from the Moon </ P> <P> in this task, the laws of orbital mechanics will "Fobos-Grunt" big help. .As counter-intuitive criteria for space navigation, "Fobos-Grunt" arrived from the earth, "Fu Bosi" minimal energy. .Between two objects in the solar system travel in the energy required for the distance between fact and has nothing to do. .The real question is Delta-v, that is, from one track to another track spacecraft during the flight speed must change the volume. .Delta-v depends on the departure and arrival of the gravitational field strength, further fly, or fly to the sun and the energy required to brake from the atmosphere to get much help. .So-called "air brake" refers to the way through a planet's atmosphere to help slow down. .</ P> <P> surprising that the implementation of the "Fu Bosi" on the task of landing and return to the Delta-v required is very low, only about 80% of the Moon. .In part because: "Fu Bosi," the gravity is very small, targeted throwing a baseball would make fly, "Fu Bosi" surface. .Is relative to the moon, to "Fu Bosi," to send the detector or the delivery of goods is more easy thing to do. .</ P> <P> but the manned flight is relatively complex, only 3 day trip to the moon, and the White "Fu Bosi" requires 6 months, the crew need to be prepared so more food and air. .Landing on the Martian surface and back on track requires substantial additional Delta-v, which means that, relative to the surface of Mars is concerned, in the "Fu Bosi," an outpost on the maintenance costs will be lower but also more easily .a choice. .</ P> <P> collect samples back to Earth </ P> <P> If the success of this mission, "Fobos-Grunt" will be the first one to explore the "Earth - Phobos - Earth" Space Highway .detector. .It is reported that, 这颗 weighing 1 ton detector will be August 2010 or in September (assuming that Russia planned) to enter orbit around Mars to begin "Fu Bosi," Remote detection. .Once the mission scientists to finalize an ideal landing sites, "Fobos-Grunt" will be held in March 2011 or April in the "Fu Bosi" surface landing. .</ P> <P> After that, "Fobos-Grunt" will launch a robotic arm, began to collect regolith - surface soil and rock - sample them back to Earth. .Fengyun detector will act as a small return to the main tank launchers and permanently stay in the "Fu Bosi." .Weight 233 pounds (about 105 kg) of the return capsule will be June 2012 or July reach Earth. .By then, the capsule will drop capsule the size of a football, filled with the size of a thumb valuable "Fu Bosi" soil sample canister. .Sample tank will eventually hard landing in Kazakhstan in a remote area. .</ P> <P> Planetary Science wishes to "Fu Bosi," the analysis of regolith to understand the nature of the satellite deep inside a light, reason is: in a very long period of time changes, the surface and inside of the .between one another, "rotation." ."Fu Bosi," the density is very low, only about two-thirds of normal basalt. .This means that, "Fu Bosi" and the outer asteroid belt objects like water-rich, or a rubble and there are many voids between rock fragments. .</ P> <P> U.S. non-profit research organization - Mars Institute Chairman Pascal Lee (Pascal Lee) said: "Research 'Fu Bosi' and the future of human exploration of Mars closely, the whole process the most important .The problem is water. 'Fu Bosi' on whether there is water there, and if so, in what quantity and form of existence at the same time in what direction? find the answers to these questions will help us develop plans trip to Mars. " .</ P> <P> 3 on the surface structure of the assumption </ P> <P> "Fu Bosi," the external world is full of mystery. .The most striking visual structure (in addition to the huge "Stickney" crater) was undoubtedly the rows of craters across the surface of the chain. ."Demos" does not have any similar structure, space probe imaging of six so far in any one regular asteroids as well. .</ P> <P> a theory that the crater may be a long era of steam vents - a relic of the ancient catastrophe. .Let this disaster, "Fu Bosi," rupture the earth's crust and the internal heat, resulting in the eruption of steam out. .Mars for future human visits, this is obviously a good news reason is marked out of mineral water or even water ice deposits buried in the ground position. .Another theory suggests that a relatively low probability that these holes are caused by the tidal forces of the crack, or shrink from the resulting impact the entire satellite formation. .</ P> <P> A third theory holds that ancient Mars meteorite crater chain and the impact was related. .Some in the past, "attack" the energy giant meteor Mars, enough to make the crust of Mars debris much faster than escape velocity - about 3.1 miles per second (about 5 km per second). .This assumption is drawn because of the reason, the scientists found the planet apparently meteorite from Mars, these fragments floating in the solar system and then eventually landed on Earth. .</ P> <P> If some fragments reach the surface of Mars, Earth, many of them should escape the process of fragmentation and "Fu Bosi" collided. .Mars suffered violent collision left the mother of a large number of rock stars may form in the "Fu Bosi" to see the crater chain. .According to some estimates, "Fu Bosi" surface may consist of up to 10% of the material composition of Martian origin. .</ P> <P> said from this perspective, the Russian implementation of the "Fobos-Grunt" program is undoubtedly a very wise decision. .Despite the relatively "low key", but "Fubo Si" is the solar system where one of the most fascinating. .The satellite location excellent, easy to reach, to be a natural next outpost in space exploration, whether it is the human person into battle or explore the use of detectors. .If we say that marching from Earth to Mars, there is a critical process of stepping stone, stepping stone is no doubt that this strange curious Phobos "Fu Bosi." .</ P> </ p>.