"Mars Exploration Rover" 500 in the day and night on Mars.

<P Align=center> NASA engineers are using the model simulation laboratory Opportunity trouble and find a solution </ P> <P> [Life Science] English 2 voluntary act as a "guinea pig" experiments after drug test .disease [Life Science] beautiful village road tomb murals excavated a red light (group [Medical Sciences] mouth out new British surgical removal of organs without scars [Intelligent Technology] novel reminded design: "never forget" Ring the alarm notes [ .Aerospace] can not fall off from time off to listen to the voice of Eastern Airlines pilots [Aerospace] China Eastern Airlines Flight Returns: Eastern Airlines Yunnan Branch two executives were [Life Science] 19 million computer implanted in the human brain can run patients ( .[civil engineering] world tallest building "Burj Dubai" continues to "grow taller [Aerospace]" China Eastern Airlines strike off "the strange phenomenon of the three events appear designed in accordance with the original, two robot rovers on Mars will be the work of 90 .Martian day. But surprisingly, rover health is very good, eventually they might work on Mars 1000 Mars days. So if all do so, then now is the midpoint of Mars rovers. </ .P> <P> If the map of the world to start a throwing a coin at random, the coin is likely to be buried "ocean." So, if the coin toss on the map to Mars, what will happen to the situation .? 2003, $ 800,000,000 of the two turned into a NASA "coin" to Mars. This two "coins" by the name "Mars Exploration Rover", is two to walk on Mars robot .. They are from the end of 2003 and early 2004 in Mars, so far, where they have spent nearly 500 Martian days and nights, also went through many adventures. </ P> <P> ■ small whirlwind accompanied < ./ P> <P> following the 1997 Rover for Mars Pathfinder landed on Mars after the first U.S. probe to extend their exploration activities in the back again and again there is always a mystery, some people even joked that perhaps the Martians in the dirty tricks .. The mystery is: Why is there such a good spirit of the wanderer? </ P> <P> Rover rely on solar panels to get energy, so when the dust on Mars, the solar panels slowly covered up, they will .will lose energy. the first task is thus determined 90 days. But the strange thing is, in the roaming process, the two robots Spirit and Opportunity --- --- solar panel dust several times by external force .clear, this is the scientists anticipated. </ P> <P> recent situation occurred in March of this year. Under normal circumstances, Spirit and Opportunity are solar panels can provide them with every .days of 0.9 kwh of electricity, but in the March 5, Spirit team of scientists found that the rapid decline in solar panels to power --- 0.35 kwh dropped by nearly 2 / 3. Spirit camera carried its solar panels ., photo displays, solar panel has cast a thick layer of dust. scientists could not help but fear, courage, this number will probably be the end of the journey. </ P> <P> But a miracle occurred. to the occasion when people do nothing .Mars blowing bursts of small cyclone. Little Cyclones easily put the Spirit of solar panel to blow away the dust. Spirit also picked up the power of solar panels to 0.8 kwh per day, Spirit turned the corner. and .Meanwhile, Spirit's cameras to capture the first pictures of Mars, a small whirlwind. </ P> <P> scientists believe that Mars is a small cyclone swept away the Spirit again and again the dust of solar panel, making it .roaming to continue. So, living in the other side of Mars, Opportunity's solar panel is how the dust cleared? scientists have not yet received a clear answer. rover project's chief scientist 史蒂夫斯库.Rees said that the wind might have helped, but not entirely the role of the wind, and perhaps frost, they are still not well understood at present this phenomenon. </ P> <P> ■ big trouble </ .P> <P> Spirit is not always so lucky, it had encountered too much trouble. Last summer, it does not work the right front wheel suddenly turned, as if something was stuck in its gearbox. .</ P> <P> Spirit and Opportunity are identical twins design robots, they have six wheels, each wheel 25 cm high. They rely on these wheels in the daily working time up to the road .about 100 meters. look at this rate can be really slow, but you know, Rover's road wheel speed is not determined by their. wanderer scientific instruments carried by the data processing to be allowed only after proper .scroll wheel a little further forward. landing near the "road" is an important initial basis for selection of landing sites. no higher than 25 cm for both the obstacles insurmountable for the rover. </ P> <P .> In order to clarify the Spirit's right front wheel failure causes and solutions, engineers began using the laboratory model to simulate 1:1 rover on Mars situation. the model enough to the real thing, even the smallest parts are on the rovers .spared. engineers figure out repeatedly using the model side of the fault of the wheel and the gear box, side of the temporary control of Spirit, to walk with five wheels. In design, the rover's six wheels are independently controlled. </ .P> <P> engineers are figuring out ways to spend a few months time to confirm the original is a problem --- lubricant lubricant into the gear box does not work. So, they let the right front wheel less work and more rest and work .move backwards half the time half the time, eventually making the normal into the gear box lubricants, and resolve the crisis. </ P> <P> wheels of Opportunity April 13 this year also failed, the current staff has lost ground .its control. Opportunity by five wheels are still able to walk, but the precise extent of movement will be affected. Recently it seems to be stuck in the sand, could not move. engineers are controlled by a laboratory model of the Earth to find save it .program. </ P> <P> ■ stroll on the beach </ P> <P> time in the past, Opportunity greatest discovery on Mars is that it is standing on an ancient coastline. It found that .Mars was once warm and wet than it is now much once existed salty liquid ocean. This finding was also "Science" magazine as the greatest scientific breakthroughs of 2004. </ P> <P> first obtained Opportunity .One clue is the gray hematite. gray hematite is actually a kind of rust, most of the iron on the planet earth was formed early in the sink to the center of the Earth, and Mars is much smaller than the Earth because of quality, there are a lot of iron left on the .its surface, for the formation of gray hematite, a raw material. On Earth, gray hematite extensively there, you can usually still water, hot springs found in it, and sometimes gray volcanic activity can also bring hematite .. Therefore, the presence of gray hematite is likely to mean that there is liquid water. </ P> <P> Later, Opportunity, on the analysis of Martian rocks has been discovered four other evidence, which together strongly suggests Mars .There was liquid on the ocean. Opportunity around the rock and rock found in the number of centimeters in diameter, spherical objects, and their different chemical composition and the rock, they should be solidified by the liquid water formed in the material; Opportunity to display photos ., there are some flat rock holes, these holes should be crystal decomposition in the water left behind; Opportunity's spectrometer detected in the rock inside a lot of sulfur, the sulfur is only likely to come from the formation of sulfuric acid in water environment .salt; Opportunity's spectrometer to find another plane jarosite, which is usually in water to form a rare material. </ P> <P> Opportunity Mars Ocean shortly after discovery, courage, the other side of Mars .also found traces of liquid water, but there seems to be a lot less water. They were both found common hinted in the past than the present to the Mars warm and humid, is a suitable environment for life. </ P> .<P> ■ sanders wear bald </ P> <P> speaking from the design, rover itself does not have the ability to find life on Mars. "New Scientist" magazine in the Mars rovers have been the first anniversary of comments .said, to answer people search for life on Mars has long been the problem, the only way is to look at the human person to set foot on Mars. </ P> <P> fact, including the Mars rovers, including detectors for .Mars landing site selection of human help. rovers that scientists throw two coins in the time spent on quite a lot of thought. In addition to the aforementioned "road" problem, there is another important determinant is the landing .point to a high degree of scientific value, scientists use the words of the project is to "follow the water to go." scientists from 155 candidates finally selected two sites: one is the huge Gusev Crater, one is Meri Diaz .Niger plains. Therefore, two "coin" is not free throws to go. </ P> <P> Each rover is like a heavily armed geologists, they examine Martian rocks when there is a weapon - .- Rock sanders. rock sanders inlaid with diamonds, to two hours of time, in any rock and a diameter of 45 mm polished, deep 5 mm shallow craters. this sounds very shallow small .Hang the process of looking for water to help the scientists busy. because the polished surface of the work to the layer of rock being removed part of the environmental impact to see the rock layers within the more primitive state. </ P> <P> Now .Diamonds on the rock sanders have been polished, not like at first, as has been polished to a pit to the rock. but even so, use it on the rocks a little dull, it will still serve to help scientists study geological .. </ P> <P> ■ a sunset photo </ P> <P> rely on solar energy, Rover brother sunrise and sunset. Opportunity observed even in the course of the sun can also be found in different .unusual things. </ P> <P> About a month later to Mars, Opportunity in the day 17:30 time (Mars time), the direction toward the horizon of Mars to capture a group of sunset photos. photo .blue sky on a small white spot is located above the mountains, there is a circle surrounded by blue-white halo. </ P> <P> of photos can be seen from the sun in the downhill process, .The light was blocked by more and more dust. dust level than the previous NASA Mars landing missions have observed far more broadly and blowing dust in cities rather bad. </ P .> <P> for the camera is shooting the sunset of Mars rover's panoramic camera to carry. This camera is sent to another planet, humans so far the most advanced imaging equipment, the opportunity soon after landing with the panoramic camera .carried out around 360 degrees on the shooting. </ P> <P> ■ appreciate Mars "eclipse" </ P> <P> last March, there is fortunate Opportunity on Mars for the first time witnessed the "eclipse." .Perhaps here say "Eclipse" would cause misunderstanding, because Mars "eclipse" with us it is a far cry from the solar eclipse on Earth, but beyond that does not have a better title is available. </ P> .<P> Mars has two natural satellites, which is much smaller than our moon, or you can say that they like two pieces of irregularly shaped stones. their equivalent of a 23 km diameter, the other is only about .13 km. in the field of vision, the two satellites to just two black specks, so when the so-called Martian solar eclipse occurs, it is only two small black spot just after the Japanese side, like two .moves the sunspot. </ P> <P> Opportunity to see the solar eclipse is caused by the Phobos. It lasted a very short, only 20 seconds. It is also a feature of the solar eclipse of Mars. fire .Guardian of a solar eclipse caused by length of time in about 30 seconds or so, Phobos II longer, to reach 3 minutes. In contrast, the total solar eclipse on Earth will usually last a few minutes, but no more than 8 minutes. .</ P> <P> ■ has also encountered UFO </ P> <P> Spirit shortly after landing, actually walk through the process of accidents in the filming to the UFO! some pictures taken from it can be seen in the Martian sky .there is a clear black spots. At first there was speculation, which may be a satellite of Mars. if only in terms of its geographical location, Spirit and Opportunity, the location of the'd really be able to observe two satellites of Mars. If exposure to Mars .70 degrees latitude north and south within, you will be able to see the two "moon" hanging in the sky at the same time. However, if the check for more photos to find that the black spots from time to time. </ P> <P> Astronomy .home is suspected, it could be human is flying around Mars probe. because human beings have been several cross has launched probes to Mars, many of which are orbit around Mars probe, Mars has become more crowded over the .to see a one of them is not too surprising. They speculated that Spirit may be taken to the United States launched 30 years ago, Viking. </ P> <P> But last summer, astronomers denied that .kinds of speculation. they give the final explanation: that the black spots is the first time to see Mars, meteor man! studies have shown that when taking pictures of Mars Spirit is occurring over a meteor shower. </ P> <P> ■ Looking to the future < ./ P> <P> day on Mars than on Earth a little longer, or more precisely 24 hours 39 minutes and 35 seconds. in accordance with the original design, two robot rovers on Mars for 90 Martian days .. But surprisingly, rover health is very good, their work has also been repeatedly renewed. This year early in April, rover project scientists announced that they will extend the rover to explore the third plan could eventually Rover .work on Mars Mars Day 1000. </ P> <P> So if all do so, then now is the midpoint of Mars rovers. Looking to the future of the journey, project scientist on the one hand very optimistic that the rover .to work after September next year; the other hand, very cautious, because a failure of any future operations or bold tasks are likely to break. </ P> <P> early January of this year, NASA's exploration machines and human .Mars Roadmap Committee held its first meeting. According to the U.S. road map for the current exploration of Mars, will launch in August this year, "Mars Reconnaissance surrounded by" probe, launched in 2007, "Phoenix" landing probe; 2009 launch of Mars Science Experiment .room, can be made of methane high sensitivity, high detection accuracy; between 2013 to 2020 will be launched to bring back to Earth samples of Martian material detector. The ultimate goal is to flesh and blood instead of reinforced steel frame astronaut .robot to Mars. </ P> <P align=center> Spirit Mars recently captured a small cyclone April 28, 2005, Spirit is climbing with great courage has been the most difficult climb from the landing .steep slopes. In close to "Columbia Hills" at the top of the wheels start to slip last summer when, taken on Mars by Opportunity to own shadow </ P> </ p>.