Astronomy of spectrum.

<P> BC ~ AD the first year of </ P> <P> China "book by" a world first (BC 2137) the solar eclipse records. .</ P> <P> around 2000 BC, the Chinese determined the cycle of Jupiter around the day of the week to 12 years. .</ P> <P> fourteenth century BC, China Yan Zhao Oracle (unearthed in Anyang, Henan Province) already eclipses the conventional records, and the world's most ancient prominence notes. .</ P> <P> the twelfth century BC, the Chinese Yin Ershibasu division by the end of weekly sky. .</ P> <P> the eleventh century BC, the legendary Chinese Zhou dynasty measured Tower, the first determination of obliquity of the ecliptic. .</ P> <P> Chinese "Book of Songs Xiaoya" There is the world's oldest (776 BC) the solar eclipse of reliable notebook. .</ P> <P> from 722 BC onwards, until the late Qing Dynasty, China's record with the Lunar day, never stopped. .This is the world's most long-term record at law. .</ P> <P> about 700 BC, the Chinese Oracle (unearthed in Anyang, Henan Province), on the record have been comet observations. .</ P> <P> the seventh century BC, the Chinese winter solstice and summer solstice with Tugui measured, divided four seasons. .</ P> <P> 687 BC, China has the earliest recorded meteor Lyra. .</ P> <P> 611 BC, China has the earliest record of the comet, the comet that was named after Halley's Comet. .</ P> <P> the seventh century BC, the Babylonians discovered the Saros cycle of eclipses. .</ P> <P> the sixth century BC, the Chinese leap month of July by law harmonization nineteenth lunar and solar calendar. .</ P> <P> 585 BC, the occurrence of the first total solar eclipse to be predicted (ancient Greek Thales). .</ P> <P> 440 years BC, and found that the phases of the moon in 19 years as a recurring cycle of the same date in the Gregorian calendar (ancient Greek mime winter). .</ P> <P> the fifth century BC, the moon and stars made of concentric circles around the Earth in motion the idea of (ancient Greek Eudoxus). .</ P> <P> the fifth century BC, demonstrated that the earth is spherical, that the morning star and evening star Venus is the same one. .And make the Galaxy is composed of many stars from the dense (ancient Greek Parmenides, Democritus). .</ P> <P> the fifth century BC, proposed the causes of the eclipse, and that the moon and bright because of reflected sunlight (the ancient Greek Ana Sa La). .</ P> <P> around 350 BC, the Warring States Period, the preparation of the first stars form, later known as "Sweet Rock Star Table" (China Gander, Shi Shen). .</ P> <P> around 350 BC, the Warring States Period, it is recognized Eclipses are concealed between celestial phenomena (China Shi Shen). .</ P> <P> the fourth century BC, "day of" a book published that proposed center of the earth (the ancient Greek Aristotle.) .</ P> <P> the fourth century BC, proposed rotating atoms in the universe, said that the universe is empty space, by rotating the numerous, invisible, indivisible atoms (ancient Greek Demo .Crete). .</ P> <P> the third century BC, the first astronomical observations with the projected size of the Earth (the ancient Greek Aila Tuo Essenes.) .</ P> <P> the third century BC, first measured the distance the sun and the moon, the proportion of the Earth, sun, moon and Earth-size ratio, but also put forward and the sun is the center of the universe the idea of the Earth around the sun (ancient Greece and Asia .Rees Tucker). .</ P> <P> the second century BC, the Western Han Dynasty, "Historical Records", "day of the official book," a planetarium is the first documented book (China Sima Qian, etc.). .</ P> <P> the second century BC, the preparation of the first operation of the sun and the moon, the first western star table and table; discovered precession, divided into six brightness of the star magnitude (ancient Greek Xi Pake). .</ P> <P> the second century BC, the Han Chinese solar terms with agricultural round. .</ P> <P> 134 BC, the Chinese Han "Han astronomical records," a star for the first time documented. .</ P> <P> 104 BC, the Han Dynasty invented a "calendar was in the beginning", containing the solar terms, lunar eclipse and the star's precise synodic period. .This is the first major reform of the calendar, but the accuracy is poor (China down Hong, Deng equality). .</ P> <P> the first century BC, the Western Han Dynasty invented the armillary sphere, celestial equator, which measures the coordinates (China fall Wing). .</ P> <P> 46 BC, Roman enactment of the Julian calendar (old calendar). .</ P> <P> According to "Han Five" recorded, BC for 28 years, China has the world's first sunspot record. .</ P> <P> the first year of ~ AD 1500 AD </ P> <P> I, Jidong Han period, created brass instruments ecliptic, and found that running speed of the moon determined anomalistic month (China Jiakui). .</ P> <P> one to two centuries the Eastern Han Dynasty, a celestial globe made of water transport (ie, instrument or celestial globe celestial globe), measure the diameter of the sun and the moon is half-degree angle, obliquity of the ecliptic of 24 degrees. .Put forward the views of the moon is the sun reflectivity. .In the "celestial globe Legend" and "spiritual constitution" and the book, summed up the era as the "celestial globe that" (China Zhang Heng). .</ P> <P> second century, compiled a more complete catalog at that time, and first discovered the phenomenon of atmospheric refraction of starlight (the ancient Greek Ptolemy). .</ P> <P> second century, the "great theory" using the current round and round the complex systems are described in detail the "global center" (the ancient Greek Ptolemy). .</ P> <P> 230 years ago, the San Guowei found at the eclipse occurred in food limited, and scores and the beginning of the eclipse projected deficit in the azimuth (China YANG Wei). .</ P> <P> 330 years ago, the Jin dynasty discovered precession, for the determination of the westward movement of the winter solstice point once every five years, than in the West and accurate. .And for "security Tianlun" that can not be measured with high days, but still has its limits, this limit of the celestial bodies under the Freedom Movement (China Yuxi). .</ P> <P> the fourth century, Later Qin found that the phenomenon of atmospheric refraction of starlight, and to give correct interpretation of (China Jiang perilous.) .</ P> <P> Southern Qi fifth century, the preparation of the "Daming calendar" for the first time the precession into account, and accurate determination of the intersection of Jupiter week, months and days, is the second major reform of the calendar ( .China's Zu). .</ P> <P> the sixth century, the Northern Qi Dynasty and found the speed of running winter and summer sun (China Zhang Zixin). .</ P> <P> Chinese folklore Suizhao Dan Motoko a "step Tiange" seven-volume, popular at that time played an important role in astronomical knowledge. .The seventh century, Tang Dynasty Han Jin Zhi Wang Ximing compile to address it. .</ P> <P> 619, the Tang Dynasty, made up of the "Tiger Yuan Li," New Moon changed Pingshuo as is the third largest Chinese calendar reform (China Furen Jun). .</ P> <P> 725 years, the world's first measured the length of the meridian (China Palace said.) .</ P> <P> early eighth century Tang Dynasty, with the beams made of brass armillary sphere made chan position measuring stars and found that stars of different ecliptic coordinates and the ancient (Chinese monk and his party.) .</ P> <P> 814, the Arabs Khalifa Al-Mamun in Baghdad, organized, measured in Mesopotamia, the length of the meridian. .</ P> <P> the tenth century, accurate measurement of the obliquity of the ecliptic, the precession constant improvement of the preparation of the sun and the moon run into more precise form (Arabic al-Bata Ni). .</ P> <P> the tenth century, the preparation of haka Mitt astronomical tables (Allah Boyi this Yunis). .</ P> <P> 1054, China's "History of the Song", there is the first supernova recorded, the supernova debris formed the Crab Nebula is now seen. .</ P> <P> According to "Meng Xi Bi Tan" ,1067-1077, the Song Wei Pu, etc. to develop a complete solar terms according to the calendar round, "Feng Yuan Li" (China Shen Kuo). .</ P> <P> 1088, the Song manufacturing clock tower, is the pioneer of the modern watch (China Su Song). .</ P> <P> 1092, the Song of the "new instruments like the law to", an astronomical instrument manufacturing method of monographs (China Su Song). .</ P> <P> 1247, the Song Dynasty stone Astronomy Picture of the (now still Suzhou) is the oldest existing part of the chart (China Huang Chang). .</ P> <P> the thirteenth century, the preparation of Iraqi children Khan Star Table (伊朗纳西莱 Tingtu Xi). .</ P> <P> 1252, the preparation of A Star line ear hook side table (Spain A shuttle X. ear side). .</ P> <P> 1276, the Yuan Dynasty created a simple instrument, such as astronomical instruments are thirteen measured create depends on "THE HISTORY", by repealing the ancient epoch, is the fourth largest Chinese calendar reform, and the calendar has .the basic nature of the modern Gregorian calendar, as enacted in 1281, the implementation of four hundred years or so (China Guo Shou Jing, Wang Xun, Xu Heng, etc.). .</ P> <P> 1276, the Yuan has created nearly 20 kinds of astronomical instruments (China Kuo Shou-ching). .</ P> <P> 1385, China established the Ming Dynasty in Nanjing Observatory, is the world's first fully-equipped observatory. .</ P> <P> 1420, according to the measured stars in the table prepared and planets form (Mongolia Wu Rubber). .</ P> <P> 1500 ~ 1800 </ P> <P> 1542, the proposed center of the sun, said that the fixed stars-day level, the earth around its axis every week, and as a planet around a year .sun week. .(Poland Copernicus). .</ P> <P> 1543, the "celestial bodies on the" published "From the natural science began to be freed from theology," steps forward (Poland Copernicus). .</ P> <P> 1572, discovered supernova Cassiopeia is the second new stars in the Milky Way (Denmark, Tycho Brahe). .</ P> <P> 1582, the Gregorian calendar introduced in many countries in Western Europe, that is the predecessor of the current calendar. .</ P> <P> 1584, the "On the infinite, the universe and the world" published in the defense and the development of the Copernican theory of the solar center (Italy Bruno). .</ P> <P> 1596, the discovery of the variable star (Portugal Wara by b), which showed a periodic variation of brightness (Germany Fabry-Hui Si). .</ P> <P> 1600 years, as against the geocentric Bruno, Copernicus, the earth support, said that the universe is infinite, so is the Church of Rome burned. .</ P> <P> 1604, discovered a supernova Ophiuchus, the third supernova in the Milky Way (Germany Kepler). .</ P> <P> 1609-1619, according to Tycho Brahe observed planetary positions of the data, found that the three laws of planetary motion (Kepler, Germany). .</ P> <P> 1609-1610, the first astronomical observations with a telescope, discovered the mountains and valleys on the Moon: Jupiter's four largest satellites, and found that losses of Venus, discovered sunspots and solar rotation. .Recognizing the Galaxy is composed of countless stars, the Copernican theory offers a powerful proof of (Italy Galileo). .</ P> <P> 1627, the establishment of the Ear husband Ludo Star-row table (Germany Kepler). .</ P> <P> 1631, the first observed the phenomenon of transit of Mercury (France Jiasang Di). .</ P> <P> 1632, he published "on the Ptolemaic and Copernican Dialogue Two Chief World Systems", proved Copernicus "Solar Center said," After following the Copernicus of theology and scholastic philosophy .The new blow to the history of scientific thought is an important modern works (Italy Galileo). .</ P> <P> 1639, the first observed the phenomenon of the transit of Venus (UK Horrocks). .</ P> <P> the seventeenth century, published in the Ming Dynasty "Chongzhen calendar", where the star was recorded over a complete day of Chinese star map (China Xu). .</ P> <P> the seventeenth century, the Ming Dynasty for the first time using astronomical telescope (China Xu). .</ P> <P> 1645, China adopted the Western data, amend "the Constitution calendar", or lunar calendar. .This is the fifth of calendar reform. .</ P> <P> 1647 years, from Jan first piece of a more detailed map and monthly lunar month every day phase diagram (Germany Hevelius). .</ P> <P> 1655, discovered Saturn's largest moon - Titan, the solar system has ever known, which is the largest satellite (Netherlands Huygens). .</ P> <P> 1659, discovered Saturn's rings (Netherlands Huygens). .</ P> <P> 1666, discovered the rotation of Mars and Jupiter (France Cassini). .</ P> <P> 1667, the French establishment of the Paris Observatory. .</ P> <P> 1671, discovered a satellite of Saturn - Iapetus (France Cassini). .</ P> <P> 1672, discovered a satellite of Saturn - Rhea, and the first determination of the exact distance of the Sun and the Earth (France Cassini). .</ P> <P> 1675, discovered Saturn's rings in a ring slit (France Cassini). .</ P> <P> 1675, the British set up Greenwich Observatory. .</ P> <P> 1678, the Southern Star compiled the first list (UK Halle). .</ P> <P> 1684, discovered two satellites of Saturn - Tethys and Dione (France Cassini). .</ P> <P> 1692, the system starting from the mechanics, that "the classical theory of the universe '(United Kingdom Newton). </ P> <P> 1693, discovered the long-term lunar motion acceleration phenomenon (UK Halle). < ./ P> <P> 1705, discovered its first periodic comet, and predicted that the period of seventy years or so, after the confirmed (UK Halle). </ P> <P> 1712, the preparation of a large star .Table (UK Frans Tide). </ P> <P> 1716, the determination of the transit of Venus observations made solar parallax (or distance) method (British Halle). </ P> <P> 1718, discovered .stars of their own to prove that the star does not "hang" (UK Halle). </ P> <P> 1725, discovered aberration, which is the Earth to the motion of a proof of (United Kingdom Bradley). </ P> .<P> 1729, invented photometer to compare the brightness of celestial bodies (France cloth cover). </ P> <P> 1745, the proposed solar system arising from the catastrophic comet impact theory (Law Buffon). </ .P> <P> 1747, discovered the phenomenon of nutation of the axis (UK Bradley). </ P> <P> 1749, the establishment of precession and nutation of the mechanical theory (France d'Alembert). </ P .> <P> 1750, the first time all the stars of heaven Galaxy is composed of a flat system, shaped like a wheel (UK rely on off). </ P> <P> 1752, the first time measured by triangulation between the Moon and Earth .Distance (France Rakai, Lalande). </ P> <P> 1753-1772, the preparation of detailed moon to run the table, the first creation of the moon around the earth in the exact theory (Euler, Switzerland). </ .P> <P> 1754, the proposed tidal friction slows the rotation of the earth and the solar system to destroy the hypothesis (Germany Kant). </ P> <P> 1755, invented the moon and stars with the observed angular distance to measure longitude at sea .approach (Germany Yuemaiyeer). </ P> <P> 1755, the "Introduction to the history of the universe," come out, make the nebula condensed to form the hypothesis that the sun and planets (Germany Kant). </ P> < .P> 1760 years, the proposed basic principles of photometry, began the birth of "photometry" (French cloth cover). </ P> <P> 1761, the proposed structure of the universe infinite levels, to illustrate the infinite universe in space .sex (Germany Lambert). </ P> <P> 1767, the British Maritime Greenwich Observatory began publishing calendar. </ P> <P> 1772, the published planets are arranged in a fixed distance (Germany Pod). < ./ P> <P> 1781, discovered Uranus (UK Fuhe Marshall). </ P> <P> 1781 years, from Jan first Nebula table (France Messier). </ P> <P> 1782 .In the preparation of the first in a binary form (UK Fuhe Marshall). </ P> <P> 1782, the determination of variable star Algol variable period of light, that light change because there are a dark companion star around which it is operating .cycle to cover it caused. also found two new variable stars (UK Goodricke). </ P> <P> 1783, discovered the movement of the solar system as a whole in space, and the first set and speed to the point, confirming the Sun .have their own (British Fuhe Marshall). </ P> <P> 1785, the use of statistical methods of the spatial distribution and motion of stars and so on, are the first graphics Galactic structure, resulting in stellar astronomy (UK Fuhe .Marshall). </ P> <P> 1787, the stability of the solar system from the mechanical analysis of proposed theory (Lagrange, France). </ P> <P> 1787, discovered the two satellites of Uranus - King David .Third, the Guardian and the first four planetary nebulae (UK Fuhe Marshall). </ P> <P> 1789, discovered Saturn's two moons - Mimas and Enceladus (UK Fuhe Break .Seoul). </ P> <P> 1796, the "cosmic system of interpretation," a book published in mechanics and physics are presented based on the origin of the nebular hypothesis of solar system (France Laplace). </ P> <P .> In 1797, the proposed new method of calculating cometary orbit (Germany, Austria ear Jacobs). </ P> <P> 1799, the "Celestial Mechanics," a book published, the establishment of the perturbation theory of planetary motion and the theory of the shape of the planet .(Laplace, France). </ P> <P> 1800, the first discovered in the solar spectrum not visible to infrared radiation (UK Fuhe Marshall). </ P> <P> AD 1801 ~ 1899 .</ P> <P> 1801, discovered the first asteroid "Ceres" (Italy Pia Qi). </ P> <P> 1802, discovered a mutual revolving binary periodic motion (UK Fuhe Break .Seoul). </ P> <P> 1809, the "celestial bodies in accordance with the theory of conic motion," a book published, made the calculation of planetary orbits (Germany Gaussian). </ P> <P> 1815, the Creative .straight fluorescent tubes, prism, consisting of spectroscopic telescope, from lead to "astronomical spectroscopy," and found that the black solar spectrum absorption lines (Fraunhofer, Germany). </ P> <P> 1823, the proposed classical universe .Studies of the "photometric paradox" (Germany Orr Jacobs). </ P> <P> 1833-1847, the discovery of double stars and 3,347 nebulae 825 (UK Yuehexieer). </ P> < .P> 1837 years, the use of precision measurement micrometer gossamer binary position, and found many new binary (Russia gassy and ultra rubi). </ P> <P> 1837, the first measurement of the sun's radiant heat ( .France puja, the United Kingdom Yuehexieer). </ P> <P> 1838-1839, the initial determination of the annual parallax of stars, the Earth to provide a strong evidence (Bessel, Germany, Russia, gassy and ultra .rubi, UK Henderson). </ P> <P> 1843, discovered about 11 years of sunspot numbers to change for the period (Germany Schwab). </ P> <P> 1844 years, that observation .variable star's brightness level of law, promote the rapid development of variable stars (Germany Agnes Randall). </ P> <P> 1844, according to Sirius and Procyon irregular movement of change, they have a dark companion predictable (Germany Bethann .Seoul). </ P> <P> 1845, the first Japanese film to the surface activity for the study of solar photo (France Fizeau, Foucault). </ P> <P> 1845, according to campaign not Uranus .regularity, and predicted a new planet exists (Adams about the British, the French Le Weilie). </ P> <P> 1846, according to planetary orbital perturbation theory calculations indicate, that Neptune, verify the law of gravity, .confirmed the Copernican theory of the solar system (Germany Caribbean). </ P> <P> 1846, discovered Neptune's first satellite - a sea Wang Wei (UK Russell ears). </ P> <P> 1847 .-1877 years, considering the major inter-planetary perturbations, and re planets sports watch, and found that the perihelion precession of Mercury tolerance phenomenon (France Le Weilie). </ P> <P> 1848, discovered Saturn .a satellite - Hyperion (U.S. Bond). </ P> <P> 1849, the proposed satellite stability theory, thus proving that Saturn's rings is not a continuous solid, but composed of numerous small particles (France .Roche). </ P> <P> 1850 years, found that some nebulae with spiral structure (UK Weiluo Si). </ P> <P> 1851, discovered the two satellites of Uranus - King David I and King .Deimos (UK Russell ears). </ P> <P> 1851, discovered and geomagnetic storms also changes with the sunspot number corresponding to the full 11-year cycle (Germany pull Mount, United Kingdom Sa Bien). < ./ P> <P> 1852, the preparation of catalogs Bonn (Germany Agnes Randall). </ P> <P> 1854, the proposed solar energy, gravitational contraction hypothesis, that the sun's gravity due to their own and gradually shrink, .potential energy into heat, kept it to radiate energy (Russia Helmholtz). </ P> <P> 1857, the first successful shoot pictures of stars, stellar photography began (U.S. state .Germany). </ P> <P> 1857-1859, the first clear details of the moon photo shoot (UK Dela Lv). </ P> <P> brightness of celestial bodies and establish the basic relationship between magnitude .equation (UK bubble Ferguson). </ P> <P> 1858 years in Japan from the surface of the rotating sunspots and found that the sun is not solid-like spin, but as fluid as in a "bad spin" ( .British Carrington). </ P> <P> 1858, discovered at the surface in the latitudinal distribution of sunspot cycle variation (Germany Crespo Harrell, British Carrington). </ P> <P> 1859 years .found in solar flares, flares occur simultaneously geomagnetic disturbance, magnetic storms, auroras and other phenomena (UK Carrington). </ P> <P> 1859, invented photometer, using an improved since (Germany Zeer Na). < ./ P> <P> 1861 years, from Jan bright star that contains 226 of the first photometry catalog (Germany Zeer Na). </ P> <P> 1862, according to Bessel's prediction, found the Sirius .dark companion. prove that the law of gravity also applies to the movement of celestial objects outside the solar system (the United States Ak Mubarak). </ P> <P> 1863-1864, by the stars and nebulae of spectral analysis, to study their chemical composition, and then .confirmed the identity of objects in chemistry (Italy Sage, UK Huggins). </ P> <P> 1863, the preparation of the first basic catalog AGK (Germany Aoweiersi chair, international cooperation). </ .P> <P> 1864, the nebula with the spectroscopic study reveals the structure of their gas and planetary nebulae found in the two issued a special green line. (UK Hagens). </ P> <P .> 1865, with the spectral analysis method, found that some bright stars contains sodium, iron, calcium, magnesium, bismuth and other elements (UK Hagens). </ P> <P> 1866-1881, the spectrum from the comet comet found containing .hydrocarbon, and confirmed that the comet is not just reflected sunlight, light itself. and from meteors and comets similar to the gas spectrum, indicating that the two objects associated (UK Hagens). </ P> <P> 1868 年 < ./ P> <P> find the sun's middle atmosphere - chromosphere and found helium on the sun, after the helium is also found on Earth (UK Lochiel). </ P> <P> use spectroscope, .when the first solar eclipse is not observed in the prominence (France Johnson). </ P> <P> proposed the first classification of stellar spectra of the visual spectrum method, the stars into white stars, yellow stars, orange stars and red, .dark red stars four (Italy Sage). </ P> <P> the first measurement of the radial velocity of stars (British Huggins). </ P> <P> 1869 years, from Jan solar spectrum in a thousand .wavelength spectrum, and Egypt, said the new unit (Sweden Egg Armstrong). </ P> <P> 1870, discovered the sun's corona flash spectrum and issued a special green line, he thought it was a .kinds of new elements, and then to 1941, was only found to be iron, nickel, calcium forbidden lines (the United States Charles Yang). </ P> <P> 1871, by the sun, the displacement of spectral lines east and west sides to determine the rotation of the sun .speed (German Vogue ears). </ P> <P> 1874, discovered to 4 so far focused on the bright stars and galactic angle of 17 degrees into a large park on the (United States Gould). </ P> .<P> 1876, the proposed area and the asteroid belt gap formation of Saturn's rings slit kinetic theory (the United States carved Kernwood). </ P> <P> 1877 年 </ P> <P> made on the surface of Mars ."canal" view (Italy 斯基帕雷利). </ P> <P> discovered two small satellites of Mars - Phobos and Deimos (U.S. A Huoer). </ P> .<P> found (crystal) in selenium and metal contact electromotive force generated under illumination photovoltaic effect, Fritz in 1883 after the Americans made of photovoltaic cells using this (UK Woya Adams). </ .P> <P> "sound theory" publication basically complete mathematical theory of sound (Rayleigh UK). </ P> <P> 1878, according to the repulsion effect of solar radiation, the establishment of a comet shape theory, the tail .divided into three (Russia Bolie Ji Xing). </ P> <P> 1879 年 </ P> <P> create tidal friction theory, which proposed the theory of lunar origin, that the earth due to tidal force from the sun ., part of which material is pulled out to form the Moon (UK Qiaoda Er Wen). </ P> <P> application of blackbody radiation and temperature between the empirical formula, calculated the surface temperature of the sun six thousand degrees Celsius (Austria Stefan .). </ P> <P> 1879-1882, the use of polarized light meters, 4,260 stars compiled the measured magnitude of the large photometric catalogs (U.S. Aipikelin). </ P> <P> 1880 ., the proposed classification of variable stars (USA Aipikelin). </ P> <P> 1881, the application of thermal resistance measurement accurate measurement radiometer solar radiation at the surface a constant value, beginning of the solar radiation (the United States .Lange Lai). </ P> <P> 1881, the first camera to photograph Comet (France Johnson, United States Draper). </ P> <P> 1882, the observation confirmed that the perihelion of Mercury's long-term .precession are super poor, and accurately measure out its data. (U.S. Newcomb). </ P> <P> 1885-1886, the establishment of the spectral classification of stars (the United States Aipikelin, An Moli) .. </ P> <P> 1887, began the preparation of camera-day chart star catalog (Henry brothers responsible for the Paris Observatory in France, international cooperation). </ P> <P> 1887, according to the different stellar spectra, stellar evolution theory proposed ., to illustrate the star is varying (UK Lochiel). </ P> <P> 1888 年 from Jan "The new General Star Table" (NGC) (UK Dire Jersey). </ P> <P> found .Algol variable stars were periodic radial velocity variation, thus confirming that it is a fresh variable stars (Germany Vogue ears). </ P> <P> by the photographic observation that the vortex structure of the Andromeda nebula (UK Roberts). < ./ P> <P> 1889, discovered the first spectroscopic binary (U.S. Aipikelin, Ann, Maurice). </ P> <P> 1890, the study of Saturn and Jupiter, the mutual perturbation, the establishment of wood ., soil two exact theory of planetary motion (the United States Josh ears). </ P> <P> 1891, invented solar spectral Imager, and access to solar spectra (U.S. He ear, France DeLong Dahl). </ .P> <P> 1892, discovered the fifth satellite of Jupiter - Amalthea (Barnard). </ P> <P> 1892, according to Bessel's prediction, that the dark companion star Procyon .(U.S. She Boer). </ P> <P> 1894, the proposed classical cosmology, the "gravitational paradox" (Germany Petrocelli Siegel). </ P> <P> 1895, the application of spectral analysis confirmed that Saturn .meteorite ring structure (U.S. Keeler). </ P> <P> 1898, discovered a satellite of Saturn - Phoebe (U.S. Weipikelin). </ P> <P> 1898, discovered .Eros the asteroid and the Earth in less than 2,400 kilometers recently, it was used to determine the solar parallax (Germany Witt). AD 1900 </ P> <P> British and Dutch scientists, scientists Kapteyn Jill ., publication first position containing 450,000 stars photographic catalog of the South - Cape of Good Hope catalog </ P> <P> Chamberlain and Moreton U.S. scientists proposed the origin of the solar system planetesimals, or MSI hypothesis. </ P> .<P> Year 1904 </ P> <P> Captan Dutch scientists found that the laws of stellar motion, which proposed the "two star flow" theory, the star denied the assumption that the move does not rule. </ P> < .P> White Lean, U.S. scientists discovered the sixth satellite of Jupiter - Himalia. </ P> <P> German scientist Hal de Man, found in the interstellar medium contains calcium. </ P> <P> AD .1905 </ P> <P> white Lean, U.S. scientists found that the seventh satellite of Jupiter - Elara. </ P> <P> Year 1906 </ P> <P> Danish scientists Hz Peng Lung, .found that K, M stars two stars of "Superstar" and "dwarf" parts. </ P> <P> Year 1909 </ P> <P> comets and planets orbit calculation made a special perturbation method. </ .P> <P> Year 1910 </ P> <P> German scientists Chanel, Wilson, for the first time measured the temperature of the star. </ P> <P> 卡施瓦兹西德 German scientists, the creation of stars .statistical mechanics, proposed ellipsoidal stellar velocity distribution law. </ P> <P> American scientists Schlesinger, film astrophotography imputed proposed the "Act according to the number of". </ P> <P> 1912 AD .</ P> <P> China began to use the Gregorian calendar. </ P> <P> discovered Cepheids period - luminosity relation for the determination of the distance from distant objects to provide an effective method (American Levi off). </ P> .<P> the first time that spiral nebulae measured by the Doppler effect (the Andromeda Nebula) is the radial velocity (USA Sri Havre). </ P> <P> Year 1913 </ P> <P> established .star of the "spectrum - luminosity diagram", and proposed to the dwarf star by the star evolution theory (U.S. Hengluo Su, Peng Lung Denmark Hz). </ P> <P> Year 1914 </ P> <P> found Andromeda .galaxy's rotation (U.S. Biscay). </ P> <P> the ninth satellite of Jupiter discovered a Sinope (U.S. plug. Nicol Johnson). </ P> <P> build globular clusters " .spectrum - luminosity diagram "(U.S. Sha Pule). </ P> <P> Year 1916 </ P> <P> invention seeking the star from the spectroscopic parallax method (Adams, USA and China, the German Branch ear schuette). .</ P> <P> established theory of stellar interiors (UK Eddington). </ P> <P> Year 1917 </ P> <P> tidal origin of the solar system put forward the hypothesis (UK Hopkins). </ .P> <P> Year 1918 </ P> <P> distribution of the Milky Way globular clusters based on the structure and found that the sun is not located in the center of the Milky Way (USA Sha Pule). </ P> <P> 1918-1924 year .Journal 布亨利德拉 Pal catalog, the table lists more than 225,000 stars of spectral type (the United States An Moli, Canon). </ P> <P> Year 1919 </ P> <P> for the first time .total solar eclipse by solar gravity field to verify the effect of deflection of Stars (UK Eddington observed the total solar eclipse leadership team). </ P> <P> found that activities such as the real sunspot cycle is 22 years (U.S. He ears, China .Adams). </ P> <P> Year 1920 </ P> <P> discovered asteroid orbit similar to Saturn's Haida Hidalgo, which is the farthest known asteroid (German-American Bard .). </ P> <P> the first direct measurement of stellar interferometer with a diameter of (United States Michelson, Biscay). </ P> <P> propose a new theory of lunar motion, compiled from the table on the exact .(UK E Bulang). </ P> <P> occurred Kapteyn universe universe and Sha Pule big controversy. </ P> <P> ionization structure established theory of stellar atmospheres, the introduction of the gas in thermal equilibrium degree of thermal ionization .and temperature relationship (India Shah). </ P> <P> Year 1922 </ P> <P> invention thermocouple temperature determination of the planet (U.S. Cobb Lenz). </ P> < .P> specific model proposed by infinite hierarchical universe, galaxies are the first-class objects that the system, and prove that this structure does not exist "luminosity paradox" and the "gravitational paradox" (Sweden card Charlie). </ P> < .P> Year 1923 </ P> <P> exact new moon movement is compiled for use on the astronomical almanac (UK Ebu Lang). </ P> <P> Year 1924 </ P> <P .> found that the quality of stars - luminosity relationship. that the great mass of the star due to radiation pressure exceeds gravitational contraction, it can not exist (UK Eddington). </ P> <P> distinguish the Andromeda galaxy, and several other vortex .the edge of the galaxy like a one star, revealing the nature of extragalactic nebula, the Andromeda Nebula and found the outer spiral arms are Cepheid variable stars, use it to determine the distance of this nebula (U.S. Hubble). </ .P> <P> discovered the phenomenon of asymmetry in stellar motions (U.S. Site Long Fort). </ P> <P> Year 1925 </ P> <P> morphological classification proposed by extragalactic (U.S. Hubble.) .</ P> <P> the Milky Way was first proposed by the Department of synthesis of the views of many times (Sweden 林德伯拉特). </ P> <P> establish open cluster classification (Switzerland Trumpler). </ P> .<P> Sirius companion found the gravitational redshift of spectral lines, confirming the presence of high-density material on the white dwarf (UK China Adams). </ P> <P> planetary nebula spectra to determine the specific emission line is very thin in the density of .ionization state of oxygen produced by the two forbidden lines, thus denying the existence of the suggested new elements (the United States Bowen). </ P> <P> Year 1926 </ P> <P> proposed change Cepheid variable stars .pulsation theory (Eddington UK). </ P> <P> longitude of the first international joint measurement. </ P> <P> Year 1927 </ P> <P> proposed classification of globular clusters (U.S. Sharples .Le). </ P> <P> found that the rotation of the Milky Way and the sun around the galactic center calculated the speed of rotation and the total mass of the Milky Way (Sweden 林德伯拉特, Netherlands and Europe Walter). </ P> <P> first found .star's rotation (U.S. Oster rubi, the Soviet Union Schein). </ P> <P> invention quartz, later used as a standard time, confirmed that the Earth's rotation has ups and downs (Maryland Morrison). </ P> < .P> clearly the heterogeneity with the Earth's rotation to explain the movement of some of the deviation of the Moon (Holland Hitler). </ P> <P> Year 1929 </ P> <P> proposed gravitational origin of celestial bodies .instability theory (UK Hopkins). </ P> <P> discovered galaxy luminosity and its spectrum between redshift, indicating that the light from the nebula spectrum showed a red shift proportional to the distance of its value and Nebula .(U.S. Ha Boer). </ P> <P> Year 1930 </ P> <P> planetary motion based on the perturbation theory calculations and found that Pluto is another validation of gravity (U.S. soup wave). </ .P> <P> invention "coronagraph" to resolve the non observed the total solar eclipse corona difficulties (France Lee about). </ P> <P> invention catadioptric telescope (Germany glass Schmidt). </ P> .found in Asia and sub <P> dwarf star (the United States Bristow Rhombus, Kuiper). </ P> <P> determination of the lunar radiation and temperature (Perkin love for the United States, 塞尼科尔逊). </ P .> <P> found in the Milky Way's interstellar absorption phenomenon, diffuse interstellar material existence Revelation (USA Trumpler). </ P> <P> Year 1931 </ P> <P> certificate recognized by the spectrum of Venus .The main components of atmospheric carbon dioxide (Adams, USA and China, Du Hamu). </ P> <P> 1931 ~ 1933 years, from Jupiter, Saturn loaded with pictures of planets spectrum, recognizing that these ammonia rich atmosphere on the planet ., methane, hydrogen, and thus speculated that the formation of the atmospheric composition of Earth's water, ammonia, methane and hydrogen (the United States, Sri Havre, American German Velde). </ P> <P> Year 1932 </ P> .<P> radio reception in the stable and lasting from the noise, found outside the solar system to the radio galaxy, and began radio astronomy research (United States Yang Siji) </ P> <P> that "the original atomic" explosion expanding universe model (Belgium,.