Physicists create sound black hole for solutions to the mystery of the black hole evaporation (map)

　　

Researchers believe that, through improved velocity through the pictures of the central atom of black gap, they can create a black hole of acoustics. This artificial black hole can produce the world's first detection of Hawking radiation.

Åœ — äº¬æ — ¶é — ' message on 18 June, according to the United Kingdom New Scientist "magazine reported that Israel physicists have created a captures the sound instead of artificial light, black holes and the black hole detection using the theory of the" Hawking radiation ". Stephen Hawking radiation is the renowned physicist Stephen Hawking · (Stephen Hawking) in more than 30 years, the precondition to be able to let black hole evaporation over time gradually until it disappears.

Eyes locked quantum States

Astrophysics is of the view that when a material density of up to large enough and after the collapse of the one called "singularity" point, the black hole will form. Black hole have amazing gravity, any material — even light cannot escape a black hole, surrounding a called "event horizon" boundary dragging, it simply is swallowed up by the black hole.

But physicists can create only absorb sound artificial black hole. The form of a "spoof" a material to move in a supersonic in the media, through the medium of sound waves could not keep up with the speed of this material, like fish in the fast-flowing river walk. The sound was similar to capture the event horizon of rivers.

Currently, the material is the physicist gaze focused on the so-called "Bose-Einstein condensate". "Bose-Einstein condensate is substance" of a quantum state, this time the Atomic behavior similar to a single atom. Prior to this, the scientists have been able to let the condensate to supersonic mobile. United States University of Colorado Boulder campus of Eric · Cornell (Eric Cornell) indicates that, in handling the "Bose-Einstein condensate", physicists to create acoustic black hole.

As a result of the experiment on "Bose-Einstein condensation phenomenon", Cornell has shared the Nobel Prize in 2001. He said, Haifa Israel Institute of technology's Jeff · Steve dauenhauer (Jeff Steinhauer) and his colleagues conducted a new study is the first target direct means "Bose-Einstein condensate produced in the" Hawking radiation of a card of the experiment.

Supersonic flow acoustics black hole

Experimental procedure, Steve dauenhauer, and others will be approximately 10 000 live rubidium Atomic cooling to higher than absolute zero only less than 10 parts per billion, while the temperature by means of magnetic field capture these atoms. In a bundle with the help of laser, researchers subsequently created a potential well to attract rubidium Atomic facilitating them in this material to supersonic zigzags through potential well. This process produces a continuous 8 milliseconds or so of supersonic flow and thus quickly form a to capture the sound of the acoustic black hole. To create an artificial black hole has a very important significance, to encourage scientists first detection of Hawking radiation.

Quantum mechanics thinks, paired particles can naturally appear in the vacuum zone. In mutual annihilation and ultimately both disappear, paired particles — by a particle and its antiparticle form — you can present a very short time. Stephen Hawking in the 1970s that if paired particles in the black hole formation near the edge, the particles in the destroyed former may fall into a black hole, the particles were stranded in the events outside the Visual field. For the observer, this particle is radiation exists. In contrast the black hole, Stephen Hawking radiation will be similar to particle morphology of vibration energy package, also is to say "Phonon".

Detection of great significance to the Hawking radiation

Caltech cosmologists Sean · Carol (Sean Carroll), look for the Hawking radiation physics are very important. Carol in acceptance of the New Scientist magazine interview: "by Stephen Hawking radiation alone of this achievement, Stephen · Hawking could obtain the Nobel Prize. This assumes that tell us that we are moving in the right path. ”

Stephen Hawking's theory on how it applies to quantum mechanics is gravitational distortions of the space environment of some basic points. Mathematical foundations of quantum mechanics are used to calculate the universe in how expansive period, the so-called expansion refers to space shortly after the big bang to the rapid expansion. But the use of astronomical observations means detecting Hawking radiation is not an easy thing, because a typical black hole evaporation due to the energy of higher Dim radiation sources, including the big bang "afterglow" cosmic microwave background radiation.

Exciting first step

In the use of acoustic black hole detection before Hawking radiation, researchers still have a long way to go. According to Steve dauenhauer research group estimates that atoms into its device to increase the speed of approximately 9 times before you can create forms with Phonon detectability of Hawking radiation. Canada Vancouver British Columbia · oyourou of Bill (Bill Unruh) said: "the detection of acoustic waves absolute black hole is a difficult task, but also an exciting first step. "Especially robust first proposed the use of quantum stream create artificial event horizon of ideas.

The licensee agrees with the attitude of Cornell said that Israel study group need to create more stable "Bose-Einstein condensation of logistics", to measure the Hawking radiation of subtle signs. He accepted the New Scientist magazine interview: "what they do take a relatively easy way. Difficult in a very quiet way to finish the job, so you can find on the ' Bose-Einstein condensation Logistics ' any violent things make it to the supersonic beyond all tiny mobile. "Cornell and his colleagues are developing their own experimental apparatus for the manufacture of acoustic event horizon.

Laser pulse

Other scientists hope to use in the laboratory of light to produce detectable Hawking radiation

。 In 2008, a research group at the optical fiber has created a synthetic event horizon, to study the different wavelengths of light at different speeds in the fibre. Experimental procedure, they have a relatively slow of laser pulse through optical fiber. Since the pulse distorted fiber optical properties, when the second laser pulse Chase to the first pulse, it's slow and first pulse similar event horizon of leading edge after being captured.

Produce a in Astrophysics on the detection of Hawking radiation appears to be still possible. Due to the smaller volume of black holes, Hawking radiation energy, some researchers believe that, in the NASA 2008 launch of the Fermi gamma-ray space telescope help, immediately after the big bang mini black hole evaporation occurs can be detected.